Direct Drive:

Recommended drying settings:

Standard drying:	100˚C for 10 hours
PolyDryer:	Level 3 in 18 hours (PolyDryer)
Hardening settings:	120˚ for 10 hours

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● 29+ additive technologies
● 47 materials
● 30+ software solutions
● Hundreds of diagrams, visualizations, tables, worksheets, and QR codes to additional content

Everything is explained in accessible, professional, and structured language, suitable for beginners, advanced learners, and experts alike.

What does the book give you?

● The ability to create functional parts, prototypes, products, and models
● Clear understanding of materials, technologies, and processes
● Avoid costly mistakes and fragmented information
● Systematic knowledge of the Bulgarian language – gathered in one place

Who is it intended for?

The book is structured according to a unique “Roadmap of Knowledge” that allows for different levels of reading:

1. Beginners – students, hobbyists, novices
Basics of 3D printing, choosing your first printer, materials, FDM checklists, and first steps.

2. Experimenters – designers, artists, makers
3D modeling (Fusion 360, Blender), slicing techniques, resin technologies (SLA/DLP), detailed work.

3. Innovators – engineers, entrepreneurs, small and medium-sized businesses
Industrial technologies (SLS, MJF), reverse engineering, functional manufacturing, real Bulgarian case studies.

4. Pioneers – experts, researchers, academia
Metal printing (DMLS, EBM), bioprinting, high-tech materials (PEEK, titanium alloys), AI, and generative design.

Content structure

● Part I – Why?
3D printing in Industry 4.0, STEM education, sustainable manufacturing, and future professions.

● Part II – How?
Technical core: principles, processes, materials, design rules, 3D scanning, CAD, software, and post-processing.

● Part III – Who and what comes next?
12 exclusive Bulgarian case studies, reference guides, tables, licenses, and future trends.

What makes the book unique?

● The most extensive work on additive technologies ever created in Bulgaria
● Real Bulgarian examples and practical content
● Ready-made checklists, templates, and guides
● Visual system for fast and effective learning
● Knowledge that does not exist anywhere else

The Big Book of 3D Printing is not just a book. It is a tool for education, industry, and the future.

About the author

Krasimir Georgiev is a mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, and additive technologies expert with over 10 years of practical experience in 3D design, prototyping, and manufacturing. He is the founder of the Edufacturing educational initiative, which aims to develop technological education, STEM, and the professions of the future in Bulgaria.

In his professional career, he has worked with hobby and educational systems as well as industrial solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises.

The accumulated experience in real projects, mistakes, and successful applications forms the basis of the book’s content.

The Big Book of 3D Printing was created over 1,500 hours of independent work, without a publisher, without funding, and without a team, with the clear goal of bringing together in one place knowledge that had previously been scattered, difficult to access, and mostly in foreign languages.

The author believes that access to understandable and practical technological knowledge is key to the development of industry, education, and the next generation of creators in Bulgaria.

The post The Big Book of 3D Printing – An Encyclopedia of Additive Technologies appeared first on 3DBGPRINT.

The Prusa CORE One L is a closed CoreXY 3D printer (FFF/FDM) designed for reliable printing of large parts and series without compromising on geometry. With a print volume of 300 × 300 × 330 mm (≈ 30 L), an actively heated chamber up to 60°C, and a new AC (mains-powered) convection heating plate, the model is geared towards working with more demanding materials and minimizing warping when printing “edge to edge” on the bed.

• Print volume: 300 × 300 × 330 mm (≈ 30 L)
• Layer height: 0.05–0.30 mm
• Temperatures: nozzle up to 290°C, bed up to 120°C, chamber up to 60°C
• Extruder: Nextruder, Direct Drive, 360° cooling; 0.4 mm nozzles (high-flow + abrasion-resistant included)
• Automation: load cell for first layer, mesh bed leveling, Input Shaper, Phase Stepping
• Connectivity and printing: USB/LAN and remote control via Prusa Connect/Prusa App; NFC receiver
• Camera: 1080p with night vision (Buddy3D), included in the box

If you are looking for an “all-purpose” printer – from functional prototypes to small-batch production – CORE One L is a strong choice for workshops, studios, teaching laboratories, and companies that want predictable results and a transparent ecosystem.

Who is Prusa CORE One L for?

This 3D printer is aimed at users who:

• print large details in one piece (instead of cutting the model into pieces and gluing them together);
• work with materials that require a controlled environment (chamber up to 60°C) for better adhesion and less warping;
• appreciate minimal setup – the idea is “Unpack & Print,” with a quick start after unpacking;
• want offline mode and control over their data (no mandatory accounts or cloud storage).

Technology and quality

The CORE One L uses CoreXY kinematics and a closed enclosure, which helps with stability at higher speeds and a more predictable thermal environment. Several elements are key to the printing process:

• AC convection heating plate made of solid aluminum, with active air circulation for more even temperature in the chamber and faster heating up to 60°C.
• Nextruder (Direct Drive) with 360° cooling, designed for clean overhangs and stable details; Prusa indicates the possibility of high-quality overhangs up to 75° with the correct profile.
• 0.9° X/Y stepper motors and optimizations against VFAs (vertical fine artifacts) – important for details with visible walls (product housings, panels, front parts).
• Automatic first layer via load cell and automatic mesh bed leveling (within the print area) – less manual calibration and fewer “surprises” at startup.

The layer height range of 0.05–0.30 mm covers both detailed printing (prototypes, visual elements) and faster functional parts.

Productivity and workflows

Instead of chasing “speed alone,” the approach here is speed + repeatability. The printer comes with Input Shaper and Phase Stepping, and the high-flow nozzle (CHT, 0.4 mm) is geared toward stable flow with standard and engineering materials. The kit includes two nozzles: high-flow (installed) and abrasion-resistant 0.4 mm for filled/abrasive filaments.

The following are available for monitoring and management:

• Prusa Connect and Prusa App (iOS/Android) for remote monitoring and control;
• 1080p Buddy3D camera with night vision (included; installation is optional);
• firmware updates via USB or the Prusa ecosystem.

If you work in an environment with strict security requirements, CORE One L can be used completely offline, and the Wi-Fi module can be disabled/removed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Compatibility and software

The main recommended workflow is through PrusaSlicer – free, open-source, and cross-platform (Windows/macOS/Linux).

According to official data, PrusaSlicer supports importing STL, STEP, 3MF, OBJ, and AMF files, which facilitates integration with CAD/3D software (export to STEP/STL or direct import for suitable projects).

Connectivity combines wired LAN and Wi-Fi/PrusaLink capabilities in the new generations of printers in the series, as described in the Prusa documentation for CORE One/+/L.

For color/multi-material printing: CORE One L is compatible with MMU3, with Prusa indicating availability for CORE One L in early 2026 (including a mention of “Jan 2026” in the specifications).

Design, dimensions, and interfaces

The construction is designed for long-term use: steel frame (exoskeleton) and panels designed for stability and easy maintenance.

• Dimensions: 469 × 521 × 635 mm (W×D×H) and weight: 21.9 kg.
• Footprint (installation area): 456 × 488 mm (specified in comparison between CORE One L and CORE One).
• Screen: 3.5″ color graphic display (65k) with touch control.
• Connectivity: Ethernet, NFC receiver; printing via USB/LAN and remote control.
• Sensors: 2× filament sensor, load cell, door sensor, fan monitoring, 5× precision thermistors (Semitec).

Professional scenarios

Here are realistic examples where CORE One L provides measurable benefits:

• Engineering prototyping: printing large housings/functional parts in one piece (fewer assemblies, better strength and fit accuracy).
• Templates, mounting fixtures, and clamps: larger plate = more details per cycle for night series (less downtime for the operator).
• Architectural models and exhibition models: cleaner walls (VFA optimizations) and detail control through a 0.05–0.30 mm layer.
• Cosplay/prop parts: helmets and large elements without cutting models, with predictable adhesion at the edges.
• Small series for end products: stable profiles, monitoring camera and remote notifications (optional), suitable for small print farms.

Restrictions, best practices, and technical specifications

No FFF/FDM system is “magic.” For best results, keep in mind:

• Materials with emissions (e.g., ABS/ASA/HIPS/PA): Prusa specifies the need for an optional Advanced Filtration System for these materials, which is particularly important when working in enclosed spaces and shared areas.
• Dry filament = fewer problems: with PA/PC/filled materials, moisture leads to “cracking,” poor surface finish, and lower strength (use drying/box).
• PP and large flat parts: PP is a difficult material to adhere to – plan for a suitable printing surface, cleanliness, and temperature, and test small samples.
• Abrasive filaments (CF/GF/metal fillers): use the included abrasion-resistant nozzle and monitor wear.
• TPU/Flex: use the designated “Flex mode”/easier feeding and keep the track as straight as possible; do not over-tighten the clamping mechanisms.
• Safety: activate the door sensor and follow the warnings – the manufacturer expressly warns that disabling it may result in injury or damage.

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The Prusa Pro HT90 is an industrial 3D printer (FFF/FDM) with delta kinematics and a cylindrical print volume of Ø300 × 400 mm (28 L). It is designed for teams that want more predictable 3D printing of engineering plastics – from ABS/ASA and PA to high-end polymers such as PEEK/PEKK and PEI (Ultem) – without sacrificing speed, repeatability, and control over the working environment. Its two strengths are the actively heated work chamber up to 90°C and the interchangeable print heads (High-Flow up to 300°C and High-Temp up to 500°C) included in the package.

• Printing volume: Ø300 × 400 mm (cylinder), 28 L
• Temperatures: nozzle 300°C (High-Flow) / 500°C (High-Temp), plate up to 155°C, chamber up to 90°C
• Speed/dynamics: up to 600 mm/s movement, up to 250 mm/s printing speed, acceleration up to 20,000 mm/s²
• Filtration: HEPA + carbon filter in closed recirculation circuit
• Control and connectivity: 7″ touch display, Ethernet (RJ45), detachable Wi-Fi module, full offline mode

Key advantages for industrial 3D printing

The HT90 is designed for “first-time” results with difficult materials and complex geometries. The practical advantages for professional work are:

• Heated working chamber up to 90°C for better adhesion between layers and less deformation with ABS/ASA/PA.
• Interchangeable heads – switch from rapid prototyping (High-Flow, 0.4 mm Revo) to high-temperature materials (High-Temp, 0.6 mm Revo) without complex hardware adjustments.
• Closed filtration (HEPA + carbon) that maintains a cleaner environment in the chamber and supports work in controlled rooms (always in accordance with internal rules and OHS requirements).
• Offline mode for organizations with strict security policies – the printer is designed to work without the Internet, and the Wi-Fi module can be detached if necessary.

Technology and quality: delta kinematics, temperature and airflow control

Unlike classic Cartesian and CoreXY designs, delta kinematics move a lightweight head with three coordinated arms, while the detail remains stationary on the plate. This helps to achieve smoother surfaces and stable dynamics even with larger parts, especially when combined with Input Shaper (active vibration suppression).

Air control is also key: the HT90 uses a servo-controlled high-speed valve that redirects the air flow within milliseconds, plus a high-pressure turbine to cool the chamber after a cycle. This allows for cleaner overhangs with fewer supports, without the rest of the part being “overcooled.” Additionally, there is automatic control of the incoming air for materials such as PLA/PETG, so that they can also be used with the chamber closed, depending on the profile.

Производителност и работни процеси

The HT90 is designed for two typical operating modes:

• Ultra-fast prototyping with High-Flow head – optimized for materials up to 300°C and high performance (specifications indicate up to 40 mm³/s maximum flow rate with ABS using a 0.8 mm nozzle).
• High-temperature 3D printing with a High-Temp head – up to 500°C for PEI/PEEK/PEKK and other materials (most suitable for small to medium-sized parts where thermal control is easier).

According to the manufacturer, with the right settings and material, the HT90 can deposit up to 1 kg of PETG or ABS in ~8 hours, which is useful for quick iterations and short runs. Control is via a large 7″ touch display, and automatic calibration relies on Loadcell for the first layer – the system measures the distance in the grid and calculates corrections without manual adjustments.

Compatibility and ecosystem

The software center is PrusaSlicer (professionally oriented, with ready-made profiles). For modeling and preparation, you can work with your preferred CAD/3D software and import standard formats such as 3MF, STL, STEP, OBJ, and AMF into PrusaSlicer, then export the G-code for printing.

There are two main scenarios for networking:

• PrusaLink – local control within your LAN environment.
• Prusa Connect – cloud management and monitoring, when your policies allow it.

The HT90 supports Ethernet (RJ45) and a detachable Wi-Fi module, as well as full offline use (including firmware updates via USB). This is a big plus for manufacturing and engineering organizations where data and access are strictly controlled.

Design and ergonomics

The printer has a compact base relative to its volume and a vertically sliding door that saves space at the front – important when positioning it against a wall or in a laboratory row. The dimensions are 530 × 530 × 1050 mm (without the roll holder), and the height reaches 1470 mm when the door is open. The weight is 43.5 kg without packaging (50 kg with packaging), which is realistic for an industrial-grade system and requires planning for transport and installation.

Operating conditions: the device is intended for indoor use, at 20–32°C and up to 85% relative humidity (non-condensing). For the EU 230V version, the power supply is in the range 220–240 VAC, 50–60 Hz (according to the documentation, depending on the version).

What’s included in the basic package: the printer itself, power cable, textured powder-coated printing sheet, Wi-Fi adapter, USB flash drive with sample files, Prusament ASA Jet Black 850 g, alcohol wipes, cutters, High-Flow head, High-Temp head, high-temperature nozzle replacement tool, PTFE lubricant, spare parts, roll holder, and brass nozzle brush.

Professional scenarios

• Large ABS/ASA bodies and caps: the heated chamber up to 90°C helps maintain stable geometry and reduces the risk of warping in larger plates.
• Clamps, conductors, and jigs for manufacturing: rapid iteration with High-Flow head and option for more durable materials (PC, PA, composites such as PCCF) when rigidity is required.
• Proof-of-concept details with high durability: PA/PC/PACF/PCCF for functional prototypes that must withstand stress and temperature.
• High-temperature components (small/medium): PEI/PEEK/PEKK/PPSU for parts in engineering applications where standard materials are thermally or chemically degraded.
• Flexible elements: TPU/TPE for seals, pads, protectors, and grips, with the extruder optimized for FLEX.
• Secure environments (offline): laboratories and enterprises that require local control and restriction of external connections.

Restrictions and best practices

• Moisture is the number one enemy of engineering materials: many high-end filaments are hygroscopic. Plan for drying and working from a drybox/dryer to reduce stringing and microdefects.
• PEEK/PEI are sensitive to thermal conditions: a 90°C chamber is very useful, but larger parts may require additional testing, slower speeds, and careful orientation.
• Printing surface and adhesion: clean the sheet (alcohol wipes are included in the kit), use appropriate temperatures and “brim” for details with a large contact area.
• Filtration and safety: despite HEPA+carbon, follow your internal OHS rules, avoid touching hot areas, and ensure a controlled environment for materials with emissions.
• Maintenance: Follow the schedule for cleaning/replacing filters and lubricating (linear guides, etc.) to maintain dynamics and repeatability over time.

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What is Polymaker Panchroma PLA Basic?

Polymaker Panchroma PLA Basic is a high-speed PLA filament for everyday 3D printing, developed to combine fast production and professional surface quality. The formula is optimized for FDM/FFF 3D printers and is suitable for both beginners and advanced users who want a reliable material for prototypes, models, decorative elements, and small series of products.

The filament is supplied as a standard spool with a diameter of 1.75 mm and a net weight of 1 kg, making it compatible with the vast majority of desktop and professional 3D printers on the market. The specially developed high-speed formula allows print speeds of up to 350 mm/s and a volumetric flow of up to 28 mm³/s without sacrificing detail and smoothness.

Technology and material quality

Panchroma PLA Basic uses a new generation of PLA with improved rheology and mechanical properties. Compared to standard PLA formulations, the material offers significantly higher plasticity – approximately 19% elongation at break versus approximately 6% for typical PLA, as well as nearly double the Charpy impact strength. This means that parts are less brittle and tend to bend before breaking, which is ideal for functional prototypes and parts that are handled frequently.

According to Panchroma’s official TDS, the density of PLA Basic (Regular) is approximately 1.30 g/cm³ at 23 °C, and the Vicat softening temperature is approximately 66 °C. This is typical for high-quality PLA – the material retains its shape under normal room conditions, but is not suitable for prolonged use in highly heated environments (e.g., in a car interior during summer).

The composition is optimized for stable extrusion and good shrinkage, resulting in uniform layers, clean edges, and minimal defects such as gaps or voids when settings are correct. In combination with adequate cooling, Panchroma PLA Basic performs excellently with bridges and overhangs typical of decorative models and functional geometries.

Productivity and workflow

The main advantage of Panchroma PLA Basic is its high working speed. The manufacturer states that the material supports printing speeds of up to 350 mm/s and a volumetric flow of up to 28 mm³/s on suitable high-speed printers. In practice, this allows for a significant reduction in printing time for large objects and series without losing detail.

The recommended parameters for extrusion are:

• Nozzle temperature: 190–230 °C (typical start 200–215 °C depending on printer and geometry)
• Heating plate temperature: 25–60 °C (often 40–50 °C for a good balance between adhesion and easy removal)
• Nozzle diameter: 0.4 mm as standard; smaller/larger nozzles are also available depending on the application
• Print speeds: 60–120 mm/s for “reliable” mode, up to 350 mm/s for high-speed profiles

The material behaves predictably with ready-made PLA profiles in popular slicers such as Bambu Studio, PrusaSlicer, Cura, and OrcaSlicer. In many cases, it is sufficient to use a standard PLA profile and set the speed and temperature within the recommended limits, but for maximum quality and consistency, additional fine tuning (flow, retraction, PA/pressure advance) is desirable.

For demanding models with many overhangs and detailed supports, Polymaker recommends using separate support materials such as PolySupport or soluble PolyDissolve S1, which ensure clean separation of the supports from the PLA part.

Compatibility and ecosystem

Panchroma PLA Basic is a filament with a diameter of 1.75 mm and is compatible with a wide range of FDM/FFF printers – from desktop models to larger professional machines. The low operating temperature and PLA base mean that no closed chamber or special hardware modifications are required.

The filament is marked as compatible with multifilament systems and AMS solutions (e.g., for automatic thread changing) thanks to the stable geometry of the spool and the uniform diameter. This makes it a suitable choice for complex projects with multiple materials or for automated production tasks.

In terms of software, Panchroma PLA Basic works with all standard 3D model formats – STL, 3MF, OBJ, etc. It is important that the model is correctly prepared in the slicer: correct wall thickness, layer height (e.g., 0.2 mm for a balance between speed and detail), and adequate layer cooling activated.

If you need detailed profiles, you can consult Polymaker’s official materials or use ready-made profiles for Panchroma/PolyLite PLA in your slicer, adapting them to your specific printer if necessary.

Reel design and ergonomics

Polymaker uses a well-thought-out spool design for Panchroma PLA Basic. The standard 1 kg spool has a rigid flange and a central sleeve that rotates smoothly on most filament reel holders. The holes in the body make it easy to secure the filament at the end of the print so that it does not unwind on its own during storage.

The label clearly states the type of material (PLA), diameter 1.75 mm, batch number, and recommended temperatures. This helps with traceability and repeatability in professional use—you can easily reproduce the parameters for a given customer or series.

The filament is delivered vacuum-packed with a silica gel packet, which keeps humidity low during transport and initial storage. For optimal performance, especially during longer prints and in more humid environments, it is recommended to store the spool in a box with desiccant or in a filament dryer.

Professional usage scenarios

• Functional prototypes and housings – thanks to its greater toughness and relatively good impact resistance, Panchroma PLA Basic is ideal for electronics housings, clips, holders, small mechanical parts, and demo prototypes that need to withstand repeated assembly and disassembly.
• Detailed miniatures and figurines – fine detail, clean surfaces, and minimal layer visibility enable printing of miniatures for board games, collectible figurines, or decorative statuettes, which can then be easily primed and painted.
• Cosplay accessories and props – the lightness of the material, combined with improved impact resistance, makes it suitable for helmets, weapons, armor, and other cosplay items that need to look good and withstand transport and wear.
• Educational and STEM projects – easy setup and good repeatability are ideal for schools, universities, and makerspaces where educational models, geometric shapes, mechanisms, and other demonstration objects are printed.
• Prototypes for product designers – fast printing and high-quality exterior surfaces enable rapid validation of shapes, ergonomics, and assemblies before moving on to more expensive technical materials.
• Small series of decorative products – thanks to its speed and stable color/quality consistency, Panchroma PLA Basic is suitable for the production of souvenirs, interior decorations, personalized gifts, and other small series.

Restrictions and best practices

Like any PLA, Panchroma PLA Basic has its limitations. Its softening temperature of around 60–66 °C means that the material is not suitable for applications in highly heated environments (e.g., in a car in the sun, near heaters, or outdoors in direct sunlight in high summer temperatures).

When printing on textured PEI beds, some users report strong adhesion. To avoid damaging the surface, it is good practice to:

• reduce the temperature of the bed to around 35–45 °C;
• use a separating layer (e.g., glue/tape) if adhesion is excessive;
• wait for the bed to cool completely before removing the parts.

For the best results:

• Store the filament in a dry place; if moisture is absorbed, it may be necessary to dry it at around 55 °C for 6 hours in a filament dryer.
• use smooth but not excessive acceleration and jerk settings at very high speeds;
• adjust the retraction to minimize threads and dots on the surfaces;
• If maximum strength is required, increase the temperature to the upper end of the recommended range and reduce the speed.

The material is PLA-based and, according to its specifications, is compatible with standard PLA settings. It should not be confused with Panchroma CoPE, which is a different material and is not recommended for combined printing with PLA in the same part.

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QIDI Plus4 3D printer – high-temperature CoreXY for professional applications

Introduction: Who is QIDI Plus4 intended for?

The QIDI Plus4 is an enclosed CoreXY FDM 3D printer with a large print volume of 305×305×280 mm, an actively heated chamber up to 65°C, and a high-temperature nozzle up to 370°C. This positions it between desktop and industrial solutions – ideal for engineers, product designers, small manufacturing workshops, makerspaces, and advanced hobbyists who want reliable printing with technical materials such as ABS, ASA, PC, PA, and carbon/glass fiber composite filaments.

With its fully enclosed chassis, active chamber heating, and sturdy steel construction, the Plus4 is designed for long duty cycles and consistent quality—exactly what print farms and prototyping departments need. In independent reviews, the printer is often described as “entry-level industrial” – easy enough for beginners, but with capabilities that satisfy demanding professionals.

Technology and print quality

The QIDI Plus4 uses FDM/FFF (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology in a CoreXY configuration. This means that the print head moves quickly and smoothly along the XY plane, while the platform moves only along the Z-axis, minimizing inertial forces and vibrations. The result is a smoother surface and higher accuracy at high speeds compared to classic Cartesian machines.

The minimum layer thickness is 0.05 mm (50 μm) and the maximum is up to about 0.4 mm, allowing for both fine details and rougher but very fast prototypes. Typical dimensional accuracy is in the range of 50–200 μm according to commercial and review sources.

The hot end is an all-metal bimetal hotend with a power of about 80 W and a maximum temperature of 370°C, which opens the door to engineering polymers and composites – PA, PC, ABS/ASA, PPA-CF, PPS-CF, etc. The standard nozzle is 0.4 mm, and 0.2/0.6/0.8 mm are available as options for fine details or thicker layers.

The camera is actively heated to 65°C with a circulation fan and activated carbon filter. This stabilizes the temperature around the model, reduces warping and cracking in materials such as ABS, ASA, PC, and reinforced nylons, while also limiting dust particles and odors.

Performance, speeds, and workflow

Plus4 is designed for high performance. The officially declared maximum print speed is up to 600 mm/sec with acceleration up to 20,000 mm/sec², supported by Klipper firmware with activated input shaping to limit ringing effects. In practice, this allows for a significant reduction in printing time while maintaining very good detail – especially useful for serial printing of repetitive parts.

The working volume of 305×305×280 mm is large enough for entire helmets, complex figures, functional prototypes, and even small series of details placed on a single platform. The printing platform is a double-sided textured PEI plate, which provides good adhesion when heated and easy removal of the finished model when cooled.

The leveling system is fully automatic (“hands-free”), combining sensors and Klipper macros to create an accurate bed mesh map. This makes the first layer reliable even for beginners and reduces the need for manual adjustment of screws.

The firmware is Klipper v0.12 with a clean and modern UI, controlled by a 5-inch 800×480 touchscreen. Although some reviews note a slightly “slow” interface when tapping faster, the general opinion is that navigation is logical and easy to get used to.

Plus4 has 32 GB of built-in eMMC storage, a USB port for external flash memory, as well as Wi-Fi and Ethernet for network printing and remote monitoring. The built-in 1080p camera allows for time-lapse and print monitoring through the software.

Software, compatibility, and ecosystem

The officially recommended software is QIDI Studio – a modified version of Bambu Studio/PrusaSlicer, optimized for all QIDI models. It is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux, and offers profiles for the main materials and for Plus4 out of the box.

For advanced users, the printer is also compatible with Orca Slicer, as well as popular software such as Cura and PrusaSlicer, providing flexibility when integrating into existing workflows.

QIDI Studio (and other supported slicers) work with the most common 3D file formats – STL, OBJ, 3MF, STEP, AMF – generating standard G-code for the printer. This facilitates the import of models from CAD systems as well as those downloaded from online libraries.

The QIDI ecosystem offers a wide range of engineering and composite filaments – PLA, PETG, TPU, ABS, ASA, PC, PA, UltraPA (PPA), carbon/glass filaments, etc., tested specifically for Plus4. This does not exclude the use of third-party materials, but it does ensure that stable results are achieved more quickly with the official profiles.

For advanced features such as multi-color printing, the printer is compatible with the external QIDI Box module, which feeds multiple filaments to a single hotend.

Design, construction, and ergonomics

The QIDI Plus4 has a closed body with a metal chassis and plastic panels, which provides good thermal insulation and solid mechanical stability. The printer’s dimensions are 505×487×550 mm, and its net weight is about 27 kg, so it needs to be placed on a stable surface.

XY movement is achieved through CoreXY kinematics with automatic belt tensioning and 10 mm hardened hollow steel shafts, while Z movement is achieved through two independent stepper motors and linear guides. This significantly reduces platform twisting and improves the quality of the first layer, especially with larger models.

The 5-inch 800×480 touchscreen is conveniently located at the top of the housing, with a clean menu and quick access to key functions – print start, calibrations, temperature and speed settings, camera control, etc.

The printer offers several convenient interfaces—USB, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi—and the built-in handles make it easy to move (despite its heavy weight). The front door and glass top cover provide easy access to the camera for filament replacement, inspection, and cleaning.

Professional scenarios, limitations, and best practices

Engineering prototyping and functional parts. Thanks to the high temperature of the nozzle and heated chamber, Plus4 is excellent for printing ABS, ASA, PC, and nylon composites for prototypes of housings, technical details, mounting fixtures, etc., where dimensional stability is critical.

Small-batch production. The large volume and high speeds make the printer suitable for short runs of repeatable parts—e.g., fasteners, custom brackets, jigs, and fixtures for manufacturing—with very good dimensional repeatability.

Cosplay, props, and large models. Models such as full-size helmets, masks, and figurines can be printed in one piece or in a small number of segments, thanks to the 305×305×280 mm volume and the PEI platform, which holds large prints without peeling.

Education and laboratories. The enclosed housing, air filtration, and stable printing with engineering materials make the Plus4 a good choice for university and R&D laboratories that want to teach students about real industrial materials.

Scenarios from the user community. On Reddit and other communities, Plus4 owners often share successful projects with ASA-CF, PPS-CF, and other difficult-to-print composites, as well as 100+ hour prints without serious problems, provided good maintenance and calibration.

Limitations and notable features. The printer comes with only one extruder; multi-color printing requires a QIDI Box. The interface sometimes responds slowly when scrolling through menus quickly, and the machine itself is heavy and not convenient for frequent relocation. User forums also discuss topics such as X-axis maintenance and lubrication of guides to prevent wear or jamming—it is good practice to follow the manufacturer’s maintenance recommendations and use high-quality lubricants.

The following are recommended as general best practices for Plus4 (and for any high-temperature 3D printer):

• good ventilation of the room, especially when printing with ABS, ASA, and PC;
• drying of hygroscopic filaments (PA, PPA, PET-GF/CF) before printing;
• periodic inspection and cleaning of the PEI plate and chamber;
• regular calibration and verification of automatic levelling;
• monitoring the printer during initial attempts with new material or profiles.

Technical specifications, sources, and downloadable materials

Technical specifications

The data below is summarized from QIDI’s official specifications and independent technical sheets.

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QIDI Max4 Combo 3D printer – industrial volume and multi-material printing

QIDI Plus4 Combo is a professional all-in-one solution for large, complex, and colorful 3D projects. The printer has a 305×305×280 mm working volume, CoreXY kinematics, and reinforced belts, allowing for precise printing at up to 600 mm/s and acceleration of 20,000 mm/s². The bimetal nozzle heats up to 370°C, while the active 65°C chamber and heated bed up to 120°C ensure stability with technical materials such as ABS, ASA, PC, PA, and composites. Automatic Z-axis levelling and calibration guarantee a perfect first layer, and the machine is ready to print in just 10 minutes after unpacking.

QIDI Box turns Plus4 into a multicolor platform: the system accepts up to 4 spools, supports up to 16 materials by connecting additional modules, and uses hardened double gears for stable feeding even of carbon and glass fiber filaments. The built-in 65 °C drying function keeps the filaments dry, while the NFC chip recognizes the material and loads the correct profiles. QIDI Box automatically changes the rolls when they run out, monitors tangling and clogging, and thus ensures continuous printing.

The printer can be controlled via Wi-Fi, Ethernet, or USB and can be operated via a mobile app or computer with local or cloud access options. A 1080p time-lapse camera provides remote monitoring of the process. QIDI Studio, a new slicing software, is optimized for multicolor systems, and the printer also supports Orca, Cura, and PrusaSlicer. The package includes a Cool Plate, a 0.2 mm tungsten bimetal nozzle, and a filament roll, making the kit ready to use and suitable for engineers, designers, and small manufacturers.

Technology and print quality

The QIDI Max4 Combo operates on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology – melting and laying down filament layer by layer. The CoreXY architecture with 1.5GT belts and FOC closed-loop stepper motors in the X/Y axes ensures stable movements, minimal vibrations, and clean contours even at high-speed printing. The Z axis uses two 2 mm lead screws and an anti-backlash nut, which reduces “roll” effects and ensures very even layers in tall models.

The print head is equipped with a bimetallic, hardened 0.4 mm nozzle (options 0.2/0.6/0.8 mm) and a ceramic heating module capable of reaching 370°C. This allows the Max4 to work not only with standard filaments such as PLA and PETG, but also with engineering materials such as ABS, ASA, PA/nylon, PC, as well as a variety of carbon and glass composites (PLA-CF, PETG-CF, PA-CF, PA-GF, PPA-CF, PPS-CF, etc.) when using appropriate nozzles and profiles.

The bed consists of an aluminum plate with a silicone heater and a double-sided PEI platform, with an operating temperature of up to 120°C. This ensures strong adhesion of the first layer and resistance to warping in large ABS/ASA/PC parts. With standard settings, the layer thickness for high-quality surfaces is in the range of 0.12–0.2 mm, which can be increased for rough prototypes and reduced for finer details (at the expense of printing time).

The camera is actively heated to 65°C by an independent PTC heater and feedback fan. This environmental control minimizes internal stresses in the material and cracking in tall models, especially with engineering filaments. Together with the semi-enclosed print head and the optional Polar Cooler module, the system keeps extrusion stable while also allowing PLA to be printed in a heated chamber without softening or clogging.

Productivity and workflow

The QIDI Max4 Combo is designed for high productivity. The maximum head movement speed is 800 mm/s, and the officially stated maximum kinematic performance of the hotend is 40 mm³/s. Thanks to the Klipper firmware, input shaping, and intelligent acceleration control, significantly higher speeds than classic FDM machines can be used without a drastic loss of quality. With typical settings for high-speed PLA/ABS, the machine operates at around 20–30 mm³/s, which is sufficient for rapid prototyping and small series production.

The work process is automated as much as possible:

• Automatic leveling – the nozzle acts as a sensor (load cell sensor), which eliminates offset errors between the sensor and the nozzle and ensures a precise first layer without manual adjustments.
• AI camera – a built-in camera with up to 1080p resolution monitors the print and can detect spaghetti and other anomalies, as well as record time-lapse videos to document the process.
• Power failure protection – function for restoring the seal after a power failure.
• End-of-thread and tangling sensor – warns when the filament is running out; when working with QIDI Box, tangling detection is also activated and automatically switches to another spool.
• 3-in-1 filter – a combination of G3 pre-filter, HEPA H12, and activated carbon to capture dust particles and volatile organic compounds in the closed chamber.

Control is via a 5-inch 800×480 touchscreen, mobile app, desktop software, and/or browser. The built-in 32 GB eMMC memory and USB 2.0 port allow printing from local files, while 2.4/5 GHz Wi-Fi and Ethernet enable printer management via the QIDI cloud platform.

Compatibility and ecosystem

The official slicer is QIDI Studio – professional software with ready-made profiles for the printer and the full range of QIDI filaments, including engineering composites. Thanks to the Klipper firmware, Max4 is also compatible with popular third-party slicers such as OrcaSlicer and PrusaSlicer, which facilitates integration into existing workflows.

Supported cutting formats include STL, OBJ, 3MF, STEP/STP, and the software is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. This makes the printer convenient for mixed teams and educational organizations.

The heart of the Combo kit is the QIDI Box – a multi-material system that can feed up to 4 filaments from a single box and “chain” up to 4 pieces, for a total of up to 16 different materials/colors. The QIDI Box has its own heated chamber up to 65°C for active filament drying, automatic spool switching, and options for printing with soluble support materials. This makes the Max4 Combo fully ready for multi-color, multi-material, and even technically complex printing (e.g., solid detail + soluble supports).

Design, ergonomics, and safety

The body of the QIDI Max4 is constructed from a steel chassis with plastic and glass panels. The printer measures 558×578×612 mm, and the net weight of the Max4 Combo is approximately 46.5 kg, indicating a robust construction and good vibration stability. The glass front window provides good visual access to the camera, while the built-in lighting and RGB status indicator make it easy to monitor the process.

Practical details such as smooth surfaces on the base for easy cleaning, handles on the bottom for moving, and well-organized cable management make the machine more convenient for everyday use in an office, laboratory, or workshop. The chamber uses multiple sensors and closed-loop temperature control, and fire-resistant materials in the chamber construction add an extra layer of passive protection.

The 3-in-1 filter module is highly recommended when working with ABS, ASA, PC, and composites, as it helps reduce particle and odor concentration in the room. Together with proper room ventilation and following the instructions in the official manuals, this provides a safe basis for continuous printing.

Professional usage scenarios

• Engineering prototypes and functional parts – the large 390×390×340 mm build volume allows for printing machine housings, industrial covers, assembly jigs, and fixtures from materials such as PA-CF, PA-GF, PC, and PPS-CF. The active chamber and high nozzle temperature help achieve strong, heat-resistant parts suitable for test assembly and real-world operation (within the polymer’s specifications).
• Cosplay, props, and decor – Max4 can print full-size helmets, armor, and large props in one piece without cutting multiple segments. PLA and ABS details benefit from the evenly heated bed and chamber, which reduces warping and the need for complex post-processing.
• Small batches and customized production – with QIDI Box, you can produce small batches of parts with different color schemes, marking options, or six-digit traceability codes without manually changing spools. Automatic filament refilling allows for long prints in 24/7 mode.
• Molds and fixtures for composite materials – the large chamber is particularly suitable for printing molds for vacuum forming, carbon, and fiberglass. The uniform temperature and stable geometry facilitate subsequent sanding and release agent application.
• Education and R&D – In university and corporate laboratories, Max4 serves as a bridge between desktop and industrial 3D printing. The ability to work with different materials and the open profiles in Klipper make it suitable for experimenting with process parameters and new filaments.

Restrictions and best practices

Despite its high capabilities, the QIDI Max4 Combo has some practical limitations and configuration requirements:

• Warpage and cracking in very large ABS/PC parts – a 65°C chamber significantly reduces this risk, but for extremely large or thick parts, it is recommended to use brim/raft, special adhesives for PEI, and avoid sudden temperature changes during cooling.
• PLA in a heated chamber – at high temperatures, PLA can soften in the area of the feed gears. Polar Cooler and active extruder cooling minimize this problem, but it is good practice to limit the temperature in the chamber for PLA and use QIDI profiles for this material.
• Very soft TPUs (below 85A) – officially, a hardness of around 95A is recommended; for softer TPUs, you need to reduce the speed and retractions, and sometimes compromise on quality. It is advisable to follow specialized TPU guides and test gradually.
• Filament moisture – nylon, PC, and composites are highly hygroscopic. Use the QIDI Box for drying during printing and store spools in dry boxes to avoid cracking, bubbling, and poor adhesion between layers.
• Maintenance – periodically clean the PEI plate with isopropyl alcohol, check the condition of the belts and linear guides, and monitor the filter. Firmware and software updates from QIDI improve stability and add features, so it is good practice to apply them regularly.

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Key features: wireless operation with convenient replaceable battery; two scanning modes for small details and large scenes; 17 parallel laser lines for high detail; full-color capture via built-in RGB module; lightweight ~420 g body for comfort during long sessions. The kit includes a carrying case, calibration board, holder, cables, charger, and markers—everything you need to get started right away

Color: Light blue
Designer ID: EINSTAR 2

What is EINSTAR 2 and who is it suitable for?

EINSTAR 2 is a portable handheld 3D scanner for quickly capturing real objects and turning them into digital models. It is suitable for product designers, prototyping, education, art, restoration, and hobby projects.

How can I get the best scan quality?

Work under uniform, diffuse lighting and avoid strong glare or direct sunlight. Keep a steady distance, move slowly, and circle the object with overlapping frames; use the calibration board and markers for complex geometries.

Can it scan dark, shiny, or transparent surfaces?

Yes, but such materials are challenging for all optical scanners. Apply matte spray/powder and/or use marking dots to improve tracking and accuracy.

Is it suitable for scanning people and clothes?

The scanner captures shape and color, making it suitable for busts, bodies, and clothing under appropriate conditions. Keep the model comfortable (even lighting, faster rotation) and keep in mind that shiny fabrics and hair may require matting.

What file formats does it support and what programs does it work with?

It is commonly exported to widely used 3D formats such as OBJ, STL, and PLY, which can be opened in CAD/3D software (e.g., Blender, ZBrush, SolidWorks, etc.). Please check the manufacturer’s current specifications for the complete list and versions.

What are the requirements for the computer and operating system?

For smooth operation, we recommend a modern multi-core processor, 16–32 GB RAM, and a compatible graphics card if the software uses GPU acceleration. Please refer to the official EINSTAR 2 system requirements for specific OS versions and drivers.

What’s included in the kit, and can I get started right away?

The box usually contains the scanner, batteries/charger, carrying case, calibration board, holder, cables, and markers—everything you need for your first scan. Install the software, calibrate the scanner, and follow the getting started guide.

How is the 3D scanner maintained and stored?

Clean the optics only with a soft microfiber cloth and a suitable solution; do not use abrasives. Store in a dry place, protect the batteries from extreme temperatures, and update the firmware/software in a timely manner.

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In addition to geometry, Rockit also captures texture: the integrated 5 MP camera records realistic colors and details, useful for AR/VR content, digital art, and design. The device supports STL, OBJ, PLY, and 3MF output formats, making it easy to work with a variety of processing and printing software. With automatic alignment systems, audio feedback, and 23+ sensors in the series (according to the manufacturer), the process is intuitive and stable. Teams of designers, engineers, restorers, AR/VR developers, and enthusiasts can use it both in the studio and outdoors, because the IR mode works reliably up to 70,000 Lux, and the laser mode up to 110,000 Lux.

What is EINSTAR Rockit and who is it intended for?

EINSTAR Rockit is a portable 3D scanner that combines a blue laser and infrared VCSEL source to capture the precise geometry and texture of real objects. It is aimed at engineers, designers, restorers, 3D artists, automotive specialists, and enthusiasts who need high-quality digitization of objects in any environment.

How does wireless connectivity work and how long does it last?

Rockit has a built-in Wi‑Fi module that creates a direct connection to your computer and allows real-time data synchronization without cables. The battery is replaceable and provides up to about 3 hours of continuous operation; if the Wi‑Fi signal is weak, you can use a USB‑C cable for a stable connection.

Are markers necessary for scanning?

For scanning in laser mode, the device uses marker-free technology and recognizes objects by their shape and surface, which saves time and makes it easier for beginners. If the object has few geometric features, you can use markers for more reliable registration, but in most cases they are not necessary.

What scanning modes does it offer and what are the differences between them?

Rockit has two modes: Laser HD and IR Rapid. Laser HD uses 38 crossed laser lines for fast scanning of large areas and 7 parallel blue lines for fine details; IR Rapid relies on an infrared VCSEL to operate in a wider range of lighting conditions and provides scanning without flash.

Can dark or reflective surfaces be scanned without a special spray?

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The diameter is 1.75mm with a tolerance of ±0.03mm, which ensures a smooth and reliable flow without clogging. The filament is premium wound, prevents tangling and ensures consistent extrusion. Due to the modified structure, Hyper PLARFID is stronger than ABS and traditional PLA, so the final part has high structural stability. It is suitable for a wide variety of applications – prototypes, functional parts and design models – while remaining environmentally friendly and biodegradable thanks to the PLA base.

Recommended print settings are 190–220°C for the nozzle and 50–60°C for the heated bed, and the presence of an RFID chip ensures quick automatic configuration of compatible Creality printers.

Key advantages of Creality Hyper PLA RFID filament

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